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Deep learning model for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume exposed to high temperatures

Harun TANYILDIZI, Abdulkadir ŞENGÜR, Yaman AKBULUT, Murat ŞAHİN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 1316-1330 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0646-z

摘要： In this study, the deep learning models for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume subjected to high temperatures were devised. Silica fume was used at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%. Cube specimens (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) were prepared for testing the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. They were cured at 20°C±2°C in a standard cure for 7, 28, and 90 d. After curing, they were subjected to temperatures of 20°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C. Two well-known deep learning approaches, i.e., stacked autoencoders and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, were used for forecasting the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete containing silica fume subjected to high temperatures. The forecasting experiments were carried out using MATLAB deep learning and neural network tools, respectively. Various statistical measures were used to validate the prediction performances of both the approaches. This study found that the LSTM network achieved better results than the stacked autoencoders. In addition, this study found that deep learning, which has a very good prediction ability with little experimental data, was a convenient method for civil engineering.

关键词： concrete high temperature strength properties deep learning stacked auto-encoders LSTM network

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Nonpolar cross-stacked super-aligned carbon nanotube membrane for efficient wastewater treatment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1630-3

摘要：

● A novel nonpolar super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) membrane was prepared.

关键词： Membrane fouling Wastewater Membrane separation Antifouling Aligned carbon nanotube

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Cross-stacked super-aligned carbon nanotube/activated carbon composite electrodes for efficient water

Min Li, Shuai Liang, Yang Wu, Meiyue Yang, Xia Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1286-1

摘要： Abstract • A high-performance electrode was prepared with super-aligned carbon nanotubes. • SACNT/AC electrode achieved a ~100% increase in desalination capacity and rate. • SACNT/AC electrode achieved a ~26% increase in charge efficiency. • CUF process with SACNT/AC achieved an up to 2.43-fold fouling reduction. • SACNT/AC imparts overall improved water purification efficiency. The practical application of the capacitive deionization (CDI) enhanced ultrafiltration (CUF) technology is hampered due to low performance of electrodes. The current study demonstrated a novel super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT)/activated carbon (AC) composite electrode, which was prepared through coating AC on a cross-stacked SACNT film. The desalination capability and water purification performance of the prepared electrode were systematically investigated at different applied voltages (0.8–1.2 V) with a CDI system and a CUF system, respectively. In the CDI tests, as compared with the control AC electrode, the SACNT/AC electrode achieved an approximately 100% increase in both maximum salt adsorption capacity and average salt adsorption rate under all the applied voltage conditions, demonstrating a superior desalination capability. Meanwhile, a conspicuous increase by an average of ~26% in charge efficiency was also achieved at all the voltages. In the CUF tests, as compared with the control run at 0 V, the treatment runs at 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 V achieved a 2.40-fold, 2.08-fold, and 2.43-fold reduction in membrane fouling (calculated according to the final transmembrane pressure (TMP) data at the end of every purification stage), respectively. The average TMP increasing rates at 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 V were also roughly two times smaller than that at 0 V, indicating a dramatical reduction of membrane fouling. The SACNT/AC electrode also maintained its superior desalination capability in the CUF process, resulting in an overall improved water purification efficiency.

关键词： Carbon nanotube Super aligned Conductive membrane Capacitive deionization Ultrafiltration Desalination

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中国汽车工业的发展道路：回顾与展望——合作与自主问题

郭孔辉

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第8期页码 17-20

摘要：

文章对中国汽车工业发展道路存在的重大分歧和争论——“合作与自主问题”进行了分析和阐述，提出了中国汽车工业发展的出路，并阐明通过主动争取双赢平等的国内外合作，创造自有知识的自主品牌，形成自己的核心技术；中国完全有能力也有条件走自主开发之路。

关键词：中国汽车工业发展道路合作与自主

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Optimal production strategy for auto manufacturers with government subsidies in competitive environments

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0261-5

摘要： Using the Hotelling model and evolutionary game theory, this paper studies the optimal production strategy of duopoly auto manufacturers and explores the impacts of two government policies (manufacturer and consumer subsidies) on strategies related to the production of electric vehicles (EVs) or fuel vehicles (FVs). The study finds that consumers’ environmental preferences have direct effects on manufacturers’ market shares and profits, which in turn, affect the manufacturers’ production strategy selection. Specifically, when consumer environmental preference is sufficiently high, both auto manufacturers will eventually choose to produce EVs; when it is moderate, only one with a cost advantage will choose to produce EVs. Finally, when it is low, neither auto manufacturer will produce EVs. The findings further reveal that the more significant the difference in EV production costs is, the more inclined auto manufacturers are to choose a different final stable strategy. Regardless of whether the government subsidizes manufacturers or consumers, the policy only works if subsidies reach a certain threshold. The study also identifies the conditions under which government subsidies are considered more cost-effective.

关键词： supply chain management low-carbon emission electric vehicle subsidy evolutionary game theory

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An experimental study on spray auto-ignition of RP-3 jet fuel and its surrogates

Yaozong DUAN, Wang LIU, Zhen HUANG, Dong HAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 396-404 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0715-y

摘要： Jet fuel is widely used in air transportation, and sometimes for special vehicles in ground transportation. In the latter case, fuel spray auto-ignition behavior is an important index for engine operation reliability. Surrogate fuel is usually used for fundamental combustion study due to the complex composition of practical fuels. As for jet fuels, two-component or three-component surrogate is usually selected to emulate practical fuels. The spray auto-ignition characteristics of RP-3 jet fuel and its three surrogates, the 70% mol -decane/30% mol 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 1), the 51% mol -decane/49% mol 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 2), and the 49.8% mol -dodecane/21.6% mol -cetane/28.6% mol toluene blend (Surrogate 3) were studied in a heated constant volume combustion chamber. Surrogate 1 and Surrogate 2 possess the same components, but their blending percentages are different, as the two surrogates were designed to capture the H/C ratio (Surrogate 1) and DCN (Surrogate 2) of RP-3 jet fuel, respectively. Surrogate 3 could emulate more physiochemical properties of RP-3 jet fuel, including molecular weight, H/C ratio and DCN. Experimental results indicate that Surrogate 1 overestimates the auto-ignition propensity of RP-3 jet fuel, whereas Surrogates 2 and 3 show quite similar auto-ignition propensity with RP-3 jet fuel. Therefore, to capture the spray auto-ignition behaviors, DCN is the most important parameter to match when designing the surrogate formulation. However, as the ambient temperature changes, the surrogates matching DCN may still show some differences from the RP-3 jet fuel, e.g., the first-stage heat release influenced by low-temperature chemistry.

关键词： RP-3 jet fuel surrogate spray auto-ignition constant volume combustion chamber

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Hybrid embedding and joint training of stacked encoder for opinion question machine reading comprehension

Xiang-zhou Huang, Si-liang Tang, Yin Zhang, Bao-gang Wei,huangxiangzhou@zju.edu.cn,siliang@zju.edu.cn,yinzh@zju.edu.cn

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第9期页码 1267-1412 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900571

摘要： Opinion question (MRC) requires a machine to answer questions by analyzing corresponding passages. Compared with traditional MRC tasks where the answer to every question is a segment of text in corresponding passages, opinion question MRC is more challenging because the answer to an opinion question may not appear in corresponding passages but needs to be deduced from multiple sentences. In this study, a novel framework based on is proposed to address such problems, in which a new hybrid embedding training method combining text features is used. Furthermore, extra attention and output layers which generate auxiliary losses are introduced to jointly train the stacked recurrent . To deal with imbalance of the dataset, irrelevancy of question and passage is used for . Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance. We are the biweekly champion in the opinion question MRC task in Artificial Intelligence Challenger 2018 (AIC2018).

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一种控制规则自调整的模糊控制器

程金,张承慧,夏东伟

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第9期页码 78-81

摘要：

根据模糊控制理论和实际工程经验，设计了一个控制规则能够自调整的模糊控制器，详细介绍了该模糊控制器的控制原理和运行机制，并作出了仿真。该模糊控制器控制精度高，动态和稳态性能均优于传统的PID和基本模糊控制器，且具有较好的鲁棒性和抗扰动能力。仿真和工程实践证明，该模糊控制器具有简便、稳定的优点，且易于工程实现，具有较高的工程应用价值。

关键词：模糊控制控制规则自调整自适应

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Blind identification of threshold auto-regressive model for machine fault diagnosis

LI Zhinong, HE Yongyong, CHU Fulei, WU Zhaotong

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第1期页码 46-49 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0007-9

摘要： A blind identification method was developed for the threshold auto-regressive (TAR) model. The method had good identification accuracy and rapid convergence, especially for higher order systems. The proposed method was then combined with the hidden Markov model (HMM) to determine the auto-regressive (AR) coefficients for each interval used for feature extraction, with the HMM as a classifier. The fault diagnoses during the speed-up and speed-down processes for rotating machinery have been successfully completed. The result of the experiment shows that the proposed method is practical and effective.

关键词： speed-up classifier practical extraction experiment

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降低油耗减少排放实现我国汽车产业的健康发展

曹湘洪

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第1期页码 1-8

摘要：

通过分析我国原油资源的供需矛盾及世界石油的供需态势，提出实现我国汽车产业健康发展的途径是：尽快制定并实施燃油消费税政策，推动低油耗低污染小排量汽车的开发、生产与使用；重视发展柴油汽车；制定并实施严格的汽车燃油经济标准和排放标准，提高汽车的设计和制造水平；加快老旧车辆的淘汰速度。

关键词：汽车低油耗低污染汽车产业

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Acoustic analysis of lightweight auto-body based on finite element method and boundary element method

LIANG Xinhua, ZHU Ping, LIN Zhongqin, ZHANG Yan

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第1期页码 99-103 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0017-7

摘要： A lightweight automotive prototype using alternative materials and gauge thickness is studied by a numerical method. The noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance is the main target of this study. In the range of 1 150 Hz, the frequency response function (FRF) of the body structure is calculated by a finite element method (FEM) to get the dynamic behavior of the auto-body structure. The pressure response of the interior acoustic domain is solved by a boundary element method (BEM). To find the most contributing panel to the inner sound pressure, the panel acoustic contribution analysis (PACA) is performed. Finally, the most contributing panel is located and the resulting structural optimization is found to be more efficient.

关键词： harshness automotive prototype structural optimization vibration efficient

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Experiment and surge analysis of centrifugal two-stage turbocharging system

HE Yituan, MA Chaochen

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第4期页码 365-368 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0073-7

摘要： To study a centrifugal two-stage turbocharging system’s surge and influencing factors, a special test bench was set up and the system surge test was performed. The test results indicate that the measured parameters such as air mass flow and rotation speed of a high pressure (HP) stage compressor can be converted into corrected parameters under a standard condition according to the Mach number similarity criterion, because the air flow in a HP stage compressor has entered the Reynolds number () auto-modeling range. Accordingly, the reasons leading to a two-stage turbocharging system’s surge can be analyzed according to the corrected mass flow characteristic maps and actual operating conditions of HP and low pressure (LP) stage compressors.

关键词： auto-modeling compressor Reynolds number characteristic standard condition

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“奇瑞”揭穿了我国汽车工业的两个神话

金履忠

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第9期页码 9-13

摘要：

文章指出了发展中国家发展汽车工业的两条道路。一条是韩国道路，通过自主开发，发展民族汽车工业，成为跨国公司的竞争对手。另一条以拉美国家为代表，走合资道路，沦为跨国公司的附庸。我国汽车工业的主流走的是第二条道路。“奇瑞”成立不过几年，不但自主开发了四款轿车投放市场，而且出口国外，是我国第一家到国外去建合资轿车厂的工厂。这才是中国汽车工业的正确道路。文章建议国家支持像奇瑞、吉利、哈飞这样自主开发有中国品牌的汽车工业企业，在政策上给予必要的支持和扶植，使它们做大做强；惟有如此，我们中国才能拥有真正自己的汽车工业。

关键词：汽车工业奇瑞道路自主开发政策支持做大做强

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汽车板精益成形技术

林忠钦,李淑慧,王武荣,来新民

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第11期页码 22-29

摘要：

建立了面向零件成形特征的合理选材方法，发明了高效的拉延筋阻力混合优化设计方法，构建了变压边力控制实验平台。从降低成形质量对材料和工艺过程波动敏感性的角度出发，研究面向材料和工艺参数随机波动的成形质量的稳健控制。形成了基于“合理选材、工艺优化、稳健设计”思想的汽车板精益成形技术体系。通过在宝钢股份和多家汽车厂10多年的成功应用，支持宝钢汽车板的市场占有率稳步达到50 %，有效地推动了国产汽车板使用技术的发展。

关键词：汽车板精益成形合理选材工艺优化稳健设计